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오순절 교리 목회와 선교 유형 Distinctives on Pentecostal Ministries and Missions by Dr Sutterfield of PAGA GS

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오순절 목회와 선교 유형  Distinctives on Pentecostal Ministries and Missions by Dr Robert Sutterfield of PAGA General Superintendent and president of KSU


미 오순절하나님의성회 총회장 로벗 셔터필드 목사의 오순절 부흥 전도 시유 교역--빛과소금교회 동역 히스패닉 교회에서 2019년 3월 31일 주일 집회 특강


오순절하나님의 성회에 안수받을 준비를 하는 목사 예비 후보생들인 수지 킴과 영 킴과 함께


냅시모어대학교 교정에서 특별 오순절 교역 강의 후 친교를 나누는 셔터필드총장




                   셔터필드박사님의 성령에 이끌리는 오순절적 원웨이티켓식 자비량적 선교 여행



성결 오순절운동의 성경 교리 Pentecostal Bible Doctrines


성결 오순절운동은 신약적인 순복음인 성령 세례와 은사로 하나님을 직접 체험하는 능력 목회와 선교를 강조한다. 성결오순절 운동은 선구자 마틴 냅이 1898년 조어한 순복음인 오순절 중생/구원, 성결/성령세례, 신유, 재림, 선교를 핵심 목회와 선교 교리로 강조한다.


Holiness-Pentecostals emphasize the teaching of the "full gospel" or "fourfold or foursquare gospel". The term fourfold or foursquare refers to the four fundamental beliefs of Pentecostalism: Jesus savesregenerates according to John 요 3:5,16 and baptizes with the Holy Spirit according to Acts 행 2:4; heals bodily according to James 약 5:15; and is coming again to receive those who are saved according to 1 Thessalonians 살전 4:16–17. The harbinger of Pentecostal Theology was Martin Wells Knapp (1853-1901), the master of William J. Seymour.


Holiness-Pentecostalism places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through baptism with/in/of the Holy Spirit. 

Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of the Bible 성경무오설  and the necessity of accepting Jesus Christ as personal Lord and Savior 예수 주와 구주로 믿어. It is distinguished by belief in the baptism in the Holy Spirit that enables a Christian to live a Spirit-filled and empowered life. 성령세례 받은 신자는 성령충만과 능력 위임 사역의 삶을 살게 된다. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel coined especailly by M. W. Knapp to describe their movement.

Pentecostalism emerged in the turn of the 20th century (1890s) among radical adherents of the Holiness movement who were energized by Martin W. Knapp's full gospel or  revivalism, worldwide missions, the fourfold gospel including expectation for the imminent Second Coming of Christ. Believing that they were living in the end times, they expected God to spiritually renew the Christian Church thereby bringing to pass the restoration of spiritual gifts and the evangelization of the world.

The 1906 Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles, California, founded and led by William J. Seymour, disciple of Martin Wells Knapp, who managed God's Bible School, Revivalist and International Apostolic Holiness Church in Cincinnati OH, , resulted in the spread of Pentecostalism throughout the United States and the rest of the world as visitors carried the Pentecostal experience back to their home churches or felt called to the mission field.


          --이하는 델 마키의 글 약간 첨언--


성결 오순절운동 Holiness-Pentecostalism: 1,000 교단 이상 ,개신교인의 3/4

Holiness-Pentecostalism is a restorationist movement within Christianity that teaches that supernatural, vocal and powerful gifts of the Holy Spirit such as divine healing, prophecy and speaking in tongues have been revived or restored to the church. There are more than 1,000 Pentecostal denominations and Charismatics worldwide, with more than least 500/maximum 800 million adherents in the worldwide population, the 3/4th among the Protestant churches and missions. Their congregations are served by several types of professional and lay ministers.


독특한 목회 요소들 Distinctive Ministriel Elements

Pentecostal preaching is often associated with powerful, emotional oratory. Some contemporary Pentecostals are moving away from this style of preaching, emphasizing a more conversational approach to delivering their distinctive message. Regardless of the Pentecostal minister's preaching style, their messages often focus on subjects such as repentance from sin, salvation, heaven and hell, sanctification (growing in holiness through submission to God), the second coming of Christ, divine healing, and the baptism in the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues, as well as material prosperity for missions.


포괄적 성령의 권세 이양 Inclusive and Empowered by the Holy Spirit

Most Pentecostals believe that ministry is not limited to preaching, teaching and conducting church services, but encompasses many types of service to God and for the church. Pentecostals believe that God can use whomever He chooses to minister to the church. Many believe that all members of the church should be involved in ministry of some kind. Most Pentecostals believe that some types of ministry, such as preaching and teaching, should be reserved for those who are called to and prepared for the ministry, but that anyone whom God directs can be used to pray for others, prophesy, or serve one another in practical ways.


목회 소명 Called

The world's largest Pentecostal denomination — the Assemblies of God — defines a calling to ministry as "a special impression of the Holy Spirit to serve the Lord through a particular area of ministry." Pentecostals believe that all Christians should seek the baptism of the Holy Spirit for empowerment to serve in whatever way God has called them to, but that only those who can attest to a special calling of God should serve in full-time vocational ministry.


천직소명 교역 Vocational Ministry

There are many types of vocational ministry recognized by Pentecostals. The most common type of vocational minister in Pentecostal churches is the pastor, who preaches to and oversees the spiritual guidance of a local congregation. Many Pentecostal churches also employ associate pastors, who generally specialize in ministering to a particular group or performing a specific ministry function. Common associate pastors include music pastors — often called worship pastors — youth pastors and children's pastors. Other types of vocational ministers recognized by Pentecostals include missionaries, evangelists (itinerant preachers) and teachers.


여성교역 Women's Ministries

Women have played a role in Pentecostal ministry since the movement began in the early 20th century. Most Pentecostal denominations ordain women and allow them to serve both in lay (non-vocational) and full-time vocational ministry. Women such as evangelist Maria Woodworth-Etter and missionary Lillian Trasher helped lay the foundations of the Pentecostal movement. one of the earliest Pentecostal denominations — the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel — was founded by a woman, Aimee Semple McPherson.


해외 선교 빈천자 중심 Missions especially among the poor to the Whole World.

The Holiness-Pentecostal movement, especially in its early stages, was typically associated with the impoverished and marginalized of America. These predominately white Holiness-Pentecostal ministers adopted a volunteered, independent  (come-outed) and congregational polity (whereas the COGIC and other Southern groups remained largely semi-episcopal). In many cases, whole churches were converted to the Pentecostal faith, but many times Pentecostals were forced to establish new religious communities when their experience was rejected(Pushed out) by the established churches.  Because speaking in tongues was initially believed to always be actual foreign languages, it was believed that missionaries would no longer have to learn the languages of the peoples they evangelized because the Holy Spirit would provide whatever foreign language was required. (When the majority of missionaries, to their disappointment, learned that tongues speech was unintelligible on the mission field, Pentecostal leaders were forced to modify their understanding of tongues.)] Thus, as the experience of speaking in tongues spread, a sense of the immediacy of Christ's return took hold and that energy would be directed into missionary and evangelistic activity. Early Pentecostals saw themselves as outsiders from mainstream society, dedicated solely to preparing the way for Christ's return.

Conversion to Pentecostalism provides a rupture with a socially disrupted past while allowing to maintain elements of the peasant ethos. 

Identity shift has been noticed among rural converts to Pentecostalism. Indigenous and peasant communities like the Korea Holiness Church, the daughter church of the International Apostolic Holiness Church(Pilgrm), have found in the Pentecostal religion a new identity that helps them navigate the challenges posed by American forward movement and modernity. This identity shift corroborates the thesis that the peasant Pentecostals pave their own or national ways when facing expansion and modernization.





Peter Hong PAGK evangelist for the Masai in Africa




성결오순절 운동 선구자들 Forerunners

창립 지도자들 Leaders




주 참고도서 References:

Knapp, Martin Wells. Lightning Bolts from Pentecostal Skies; or, Devices of the Devil Unmasked, 1898


  • Hong, Paul Yongpyo, " Spreading the Holiness Fire: The History of OMS Korea Holiness Church 1902–1957." D. Miss dissertation of Fuller Theological Seminary (1996).
  • Hong, Paul Yongpyo, " A History of the Korea Evangelical Holiness Church for 110 Years. " (Seoul: WWGT, 2010).
  • Hong, Paul Yongpyo ed. " Pentecostal Holiness Theology With Regard To M. W. Knapp." (Seoul: Pentecost Press, 2013).
  • Hong, Paul et al., " The Founders and Their Thoughts of the Holiness Movement in the Late 19th Century: M. W. Knapp, S. C. Rees, W. Godbey and A. M. Hills." (KEHC Love Press, 2014).

  • Stephens, Randall J. The Fire Spreads: Holiness and Pentecostalism in the American South (Camridge, MA: Havard Unveristy Press, 2010).

  • Palmer, Phoebe. The Promise of the Father. Boston: H.V. Degan, 1859
  • Dieter, Melvin. The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1980.
  • Jones, Charles Edwin.  Perfectionist Persuasion: The Holiness Movement and American Methodism, 1867-1936. London: Scarecrow Press, 1974.
  • Purkiser, W. T. Called Unto Holiness: The Second Twenty-five Years, 1933-58. Kansas City: Nazarene Publishing House, 1983. Quanstrom, Mark. A Century of Holiness Theology: The Doctrine of Entire Sanctification in the Church of the Nazarene, 1905 to 2004. Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press, 2004.
  • Stanley, Susie C.  Holy Boldness: Women Preachers' Autobiographies and the Sanctified Self (Harvard University Press, 1999).

    •  
    Assemblies of God: Pentecostal Ministry and Ordination
    Pentecostal-Charismatic Theology Inquiry International: "Pentecostal Women in Ministry: Where Do We Go From Here?"
    enrichment Journal: Pentecostal Ministry in a Postmodern Culture
    Pentecostal Church of God: Become a Licensed Minister
    Faith and Leadership: Sustaining Pastoral Excellence
    Assemblies of God: History of Women in Ministry
    Evangel University: Calling: A View from a Pentecostal Liberal Arts University


    참고문헌 Bibliography

    • Boardman, William E. The Higher Christian Life, (Boston: Henry Hoyt, 1858).
    • Brown, Kenneth O. Holy Ground, Too, The Camp Meeting Famil Tree. Hazleton: Holiness Archives, 1997.
    • Brown, Kenneth O. Inskip, McDonald, Fowler: "Wholly And Forever Thine." (Hazleton: Holiness Archives, 2000.)
    • Cunningham, Floyd. T. " Holiness Abroad: Nazarene Missions in Asia. " Pietist and Wesleyan Studies, No. 16. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003.
    • Cunningham, Floyd T. ed. "Our Watchword & Song: The Centennial History of the Church of the Nazarene." By Floyd T. Cunningham; Stan Ingersol; Harold E. Raser; and David P. Whitelaw. Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 2009.
    • Dieter, Melvin E. The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996).
    • Grider, J. Kenneth. A Wesleyan-Holiness Theology, 1994 (ISBN 0-8341-1512-3).
    • Hong, Paul Yongpyo, " Spreading the Holiness Fire: The History of OMS Korea Holiness Church 1902–1957." D. Miss dissertation of Fuller Theological Seminary (1996).
    • Hong, Paul Yongpyo, " A History of the Korea Evangelical Holiness Church for 110 Years. " (Seoul: WWGT, 2010).
    • Hong, Paul Yongpyo ed. " Pentecostal Holiness Theology With Regard To M. W. Knapp." (Seoul: Pentecost Press, 2013).
    • Hong, Paul et al., " The Founders and Their Thoughts of the Holiness Movement in the Late 19th Century: M. W. Knapp, S. C. Rees, W. Godbey and A. M. Hills." (KEHC Love Press, 2014).
    • Kostlevy, William C., ed. Historical Dictionary of the Holiness Movement (Rowman & Littlefield, 2001).
    • Kostlevy, William C. Holy Jumpers: Evangelicals and Radicals in Progressive Era America (2010) on the influential Metropolitan Church Association in 1890s Chicago excerpt and text search
    • Mannoia, Kevin W. and Don Thorsen. "The Holiness Manifesto", (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008)
    • Sanders, Cheryl J. Saints in exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal experience in African American religion and culture (Oxford University Press, 1999)
    • Smith, Logan Pearsall, ed. Philadelphia Quaker: The Letters of Hannah Whitall Smith (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1950).
    • Smith, Timothy L. Called Unto Holiness: The Story of the Nazarenes—The Formative Years, (Nazarene Publishing House, 1962).
    • Spencer, Carol. Holiness: The Soul Of Quakerism" (Paternoster. Milton Keynes, 2007)
    • Stephens, Randall J. The Fire Spreads: Holiness and Pentecostalism in the American South." (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).
    • Thornton, Wallace Jr. The Conservative Holiness Movement: A Historical Appraisal, 2014 excerpt and text search
    • Thornton, Wallace Jr. When the Fire Fell: Martin Wells Knapp's Vision of Pentecostal and the Beginnings of God's Bible School " (Emeth Press, 2014).
    • Thornton, Wallace Jr. From Glory to Glory: A Brief Summary of Holiness Beliefs and Practices
    • Thornton, Wallace Jr. Radical Righteousness: Personal Ethics and the Development of the Holiness Movement
    • White, Charles Edward. The Beauty of Holiness: Phoebe Palmer as Theologian, Revivalist, Feminist, and Humanitarian (Zondervan/Francis Asbury Press, 1986).

    Primary Holiness sources

    • McDonald, William and John E. Searles. The Life of Rev. John S. Inskip, President of the National Association for the Promotion of Holiness (Chicago: The Christian Witness Co., 1885).
    • Smith, Hannah Whitall. The Unselfishness of God, and How I Discovered It: A Spiritual Autobiography (New York: Fleming H. Resell Co., 1903).


    Pentecostals

    Arrington, French L. (Fall 1981), "The Indwelling, Baptism, and Infilling with the Holy Spirit: A Differentiation of Terms", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 3 (1): 1–10.
    Blumhofer, Edith L. (1989), Pentecost in My Soul:Explorations in the Meaning of Pentecostal Experience in the Early Assemblies of God, Springfield, Missouri: Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 0-88243-646-5.
    Blumhofer, Edith L. (1989), The Assemblies of God:A Chapter in the Story of America Pentecostalism, Volume 1—To 1941, Springfield, Missouri: Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 0-88243-457-8.
    Blumhofer, Edith L. (1993), Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture, Urbana and Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, ISBN 978-0-252-06281-0.
    Burgess, Stanley M.; Van der Maas, Eduard M. (2002), The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
    Dayton, Donald W. (Spring 1980), "Theological Roots of Pentecostalism", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 2 (1): 3–21.
    Duffield, Guy P.; Van Cleave, Nathaniel M. (1983), Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, Los Angeles: Foursquare Media, ISBN 978-1-59979-3368.
    Evans, Mark (2006), Open Up the Doors: Music in the Modern Church, London: Equinox Publishing Ltd., ISBN 978-1-84553187-4.
    Gee, Donald, Concerning Spiritual Gifts, Springfield, Missouri: Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 0-88243-486-1.
    Graves, Jr., Wilfred (2011), In Pursuit of Wholeness: Experiencing God's Salvation for the Total Person, PA: Destiny Image Publishers, Inc., ISBN 978-0-7684-3794-2.
    Hyatt, Eddie (2006), Kilpatrick, Joel, ed., The Azusa Street Revival: The Holy Spirit in America 100 Years, Lake Mary, Florida: Chrisma House, ISBN 978-1599790053.
    Horton, Stanley M. (2005), What the Bible Says about the Holy Spirit (revised ed.), Springfield, Missouri: Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 0-88243-359-8.
    Johansson, Calvin M. (2007), "Music in the Pentecostal Movement", in Patterson, Eric; Rybarczyk, Edmund, The Future of Pentecostalism in the United States, New York: Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-2102-3.

    Knapp, Martin Wells (1898). Ligthning Bolts from Pentecostal Skies, Cincinnati, OH: God's Revivalsit Press. 

    Livingstone, E. A., ed. (2013), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press
    Macchia, Frank D. (Spring 1996), "God Present in a Confused Situation: The Mixed Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Classical Pentecostalism in the United States", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 18 (1): 33–54.
    Macchia, Frank D. (2006), Baptized in the Spirit: A Global Pentecostal Theology, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-310-25236-8.
    McGee, Gary B. (September 1999), "'Latter Rain' Falling in the East: Early-Twentieth-Century Pentecostalism in India and the Debate over Speaking in Tongues", Church History, 68 (3): 648–665.
    Menzies, William W. (2007), "The Reformed Roots of Pentecostalism", PentecoStudies, 6 (2): 78–99.
    Poloma, Margaret M. (1989), The Assemblies of God at the Crossroads: Charisma and Institutional Dilemmas, Knoxville, Tennessee: The University of Tennessee Press, ISBN 0-87049-607-7.
    Poloma, Margaret M.; Green, John C. (2010), The Assemblies of God: Godly Love and the Revitalization of American Pentecostalism, New York: New York University Press.
    Purdy, Vernon L. (1994), "Divine Healing", in Horton, Stanley M., Systematic Theology (revised ed.), Springfield, Missouri: Logion Press/Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 978-0882438559.
    Railey, Jr., James H.; Aker, Benny C. (1994), "Theological Foundations", in Horton, Stanley M., Systematic Theology (revised ed.), Springfield, Missouri: Logion Press/Gospel Publishing House, ISBN 978-0882438559.
    Robeck, Jr., Cecil M. (Fall 1980), "Written Prophecies: A Question of Authority", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 2 (1): 26–45.
    Robeck, Jr., Cecil M. (Fall 2003), "An Emerging Magisterium? The Case of the Assemblies of God", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 25 (2): 164–215.
    Robeck, Jr., Cecil M. (2006), The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement, Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc..
    Ross, Thomas D., "The Doctrine of Sanctification." Ph. D. Diss., Great Plains Baptist Divinity School, 2015.
    Rybarczyk, Edmund (2007), "Introduction: American Pentecostalism: Challenges and Temptations", in Patterson, Eric; Rybarczyk, Edmund, The Future of Pentecostalism in the United States, New York: Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-2102-3.
    Synan, Vinson (Fall 1987), "Pentecostalism: Varieties and Contributions", Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 9: 31–49.
    Synan, Vinson (1997), The Holiness–Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-8028-4103-2.
    Wacker, Grant (2001), Heaven Below: Earlier Pentecostals and American Culture, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.





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